HMM Summary Page: TIGR01804

AccessionTIGR01804
NameBADH
Functionbetaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase
Gene SymbolbetB
Trusted Cutoff668.60
Domain Trusted Cutoff668.60
Noise Cutoff619.95
Domain Noise Cutoff619.95
Isology Typeequivalog
EC Number1.2.1.8
HMM Length467
Mainrole CategoryCellular processes
Subrole CategoryAdaptations to atypical conditions
Gene Ontology TermGO:0006578: betaine biosynthetic process biological_process
GO:0008802: betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase activity molecular_function
AuthorBrinkac L
Entry DateJan 22 2003 3:09PM
Last ModifiedFeb 14 2011 3:27PM
CommentUnder osmotic stress, betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase oxidizes glycine betaine aldehyde into the osmoprotectant glycine betaine, via the second of two oxidation steps from exogenously supplied choline or betaine aldehyde. This choline-glycine betaine synthesis pathway can be found in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In Escherichia coli, betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (betB) is osmotically co-induced with choline dehydrogenase (betA) in the presence of choline. These dehydrogenases are located in a betaine gene cluster with the upstream choline transporter (betT) and transcriptional regulator (betI) [1]. Similar to E.coli, betaine synthesis in Staphylococcus xylosus is also influenced by osmotic stress and the presence of choline with genes localized in a functionally equivalent gene cluster [2]. Organization of the betaine gene cluster in Sinorhizobium meliloti and Bacillus subtilis differs from that of E.coli by the absence of upstream choline transporter and transcriptional regulator homologues [2,3]. Additionally, B.subtilis co-expresses a type II alcohol dehydrogenase with betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase instead of choline dehydrogenase as in E.coli, St.xylosus, and Si.meliloti [3]. Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase is a member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase family (PF00171).
ReferencesRN [1] RM 3065456 RT Molecular cloning, physical mapping and expression of the bet genes governing the osmoregulatory choline-glycine betaine pathway of Escherichia coli. RA Andresen PA, Kaasen I, Styrvold OB, Boulnois G, Strom AR. RJ J Gen Microbiol. 1988 Jun;134 ( Pt 6):1737-46. RN [2] RM 10094709 RT The choline-converting pathway in Staphylococcus xylosus C2A: genetic and physiological characterization. RA Rosenstein R, Futter-Bryniok D, Gotz F. RJ J Bacteriol. 1999 Apr;181(7):2273-8. RN [3] RM 9141699 RT Molecular characterization of the bet genes encoding glycine betaine synthesis in Sinorhizobium meliloti 102F34. RA Pocard JA, Vincent N, Boncompagni E, Smith LT, Poggi MC, Le Rudulier D. RT Microbiology. 1997 Apr;143 ( Pt 4):1369-79. RN [4] RM 8752328 RT Synthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine in Bacillus subtilis: characterization of the gbsAB genes. RA Boch J, Kempf B, Schmid R, Bremer E. RJ J Bacteriol. 1996 Sep;178(17):5121-9. DR PFAM; PF00171; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Family DR EXPERIMENTAL; GP|1657510; Escherichia coli; Molecular cloning, physical mapping and expression of the bet genes governing the osmoregulatory choline-glycine betaine pathway of Escherichia coli. DR EXPERIMENTAL; GP|4574120; Staphylococcus xylosus; The choline-converting pathway in Staphylococcus xylosus C2A: genetic and physiological characterization. DR EXPERIMENTAL; SP|P71016; Bacillus subtilis; Synthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine in Bacillus subtilis: characterization of the gbsAB genes. DR EXPERIMENTAL; SP|P54222; Sinorhizobium meliloti; Molecular characterization of the bet genes encoding glycine betaine synthesis in Sinorhizobium meliloti 102F34. DR OUTGROUP; GP|7248632, Rattus norvegicus, 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase DR HAMAP; MF_00804; 68 of 73
Genome PropertyGenProp0147: glycine betaine biosynthesis from choline (HMM)