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Genome sequence of the Brown Norway rat yields insights into mammalian evolution.
The laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus) is an indispensable tool in experimental medicine and drug development, having made inestimable contributions to human health. We report here the genome sequence of the Brown Norway (BN) rat strain. The sequence represents a high-quality 'draft' covering over 90% of the genome. The BN rat sequence is the third complete mammalian genome to be deciphered, and three-way comparisons with the human and mouse genomes resolve details of mammalian evolution....
2010 Internship Program Ready to Go
Are you thinking about summer already? We are!! The 2010 Summer Internship Program is open to accept applications. Last year, we received and reviewed over 300 applications from all over the US and the world for our summer program. Interns were selected to work in most of the research groups throughout the Institute: 18 interns were selected in San Diego and 37 selected in Maryland. 2009 Maryland Summer Interns Some of the projects interns worked on were the...
Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
The parasite Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for hundreds of millions of cases of malaria, and kills more than one million African children annually. Here we report an analysis of the genome sequence of P. falciparum clone 3D7. The 23-megabase nuclear genome consists of 14 chromosomes, encodes about 5,300 genes, and is the most (A + T)-rich genome sequenced to date. Genes involved in antigenic variation are concentrated in the subtelomeric regions of the chromosomes. Compared to the...
High Impact Science in Antarctica
Big changes in store for the Mertz Polynya: in February 2010 iceberg 9B9 collided with the Mertz Glacier, breaking the 70 km floating glacier off at the base. The Mertz Polynya was extensivley sampled by scientists at the JCVI in the summer of 2007/08, and this metagenomic survey will form an important baseline for evaluating on-going changes in the area.
Mutation screening of the TNFRSF11A gene encoding receptor activator of NF kappa B (RANK) in familial and sporadic Paget's disease of bone and osteosarcoma.
Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is a common disorder characterized by focal areas of increased and disorganized osteoclastic bone resorption, leading to bone pain, deformity, pathological fracture, and an increased risk of osteosarcoma. Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of Paget's disease. In some families, the disease has been found to be linked to a susceptibility locus on chromosome 18q21-22, which also contains the gene responsible for familial expansile...
Genomics of the Indoor Air Environment
Most of our life is spent in indoors, well-buffered from the constant changes in temperature, humidity, wind and light which shape life outside our homes and offices. It seems intuitive that the types of microorganisms which inhabit our indoor environment must be different from those on the outside; after all, by removing environmental stresses such as UV, dessication and wind, we eliminate selective pressures on populations.We spend 23 hours a day indoors, but we know very little about...
Proteogenomic analysis of bacteria and archaea: a 46 organism case study.
Experimental evidence is increasingly being used to reassess the quality and accuracy of genome annotation. Proteomics data used for this purpose, called proteogenomics, can alleviate many of the problematic areas of genome annotation, e.g. short protein validation and start site assignment. We performed a proteogenomic analysis of 46 genomes spanning eight bacterial and archaeal phyla across the tree of life. These diverse datasets facilitated the development of a robust approach for...
Study reveals mouth as primary source of COVID-19 infection, spread
(CHAPEL HILL, N.C.) A first-of-its-kind study shows the mouth is a robust site for infection and transmission of COVID-19, according to new research published Oct. 27 on the preprint server medRxiv. A team of researchers led by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research reveals coronavirus can take hold in the salivary glands where it replicates, and in some cases, leads to prolonged disease when infected saliva is...
Novel insight into the genetic basis of high-altitude pulmonary hypertension in Kyrgyz highlanders.
The Central Asian Kyrgyz highland population provides a unique opportunity to address genetic diversity and understand the genetic mechanisms underlying high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH). Although a significant fraction of the population is unaffected, there are susceptible individuals who display HAPH in the absence of any lung, cardiac or hematologic disease. We report herein the analysis of the whole-genome sequencing of healthy individuals compared with HAPH patients and other...
TIGR and Multinational Consortia Announce Sequencing Results of First Genome of A Higher Plant
December 08, 2000 ROCKVILLE, MD - Researchers at The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR) together with two other teams of scientists join the National Science Foundation today in announcing their contributions to the Arabidopsis Genome Initiative (AGI), a multinational consortium of sequencing centers from the United States, Europe and Japan, which was created in 1996 to ensure timely completion of DNA sequencing of the five chromosomes constituting the Arabidopsis thaliana genome....